노원구영어ⓒ 일대일과외로 센스있게 예고나 미대를 준비하는 학생들은 평일에 너무 노원구영어과외바쁘잖아요? 평일 늦은 시간 수업이나 주말 수업도 모두 OK ^^ 너무 어렵게 생각하지 말고 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 노원구영어과외말씀해주세요. 도움이 되는 한 열심히 돕고 싶습니다. who had succeeded Garfield as president ⓒ in 1881, to negotiate a free trade treaty with Mexico. Arthur and the Mexican government agreed, but the United States Senate rejected the treaty in 1883. The railroad was similarly unsuccessful, falling into bankruptcy the following year.[527] At the same time, Grant's son Buck had opened a Wall Street brokerage house with Ferdinand Ward—although a confidence man who swindled numerous wealthy men, Ward was at the time regarded as a rising star on Wall Street. The firm, Grant & Ward, was initially successful.[528] In ⓒ1883, Grant joined the firm and invested $100,000 of his own money.[529] Grant, however, warned Ward that if his firm engaged in government business he would dissolve their partnership.[530] To encourage investment, Ward paid investors abnormally high interest, by pledging the ⓒcompany's securities on multiple loans in a process called rehypothecation.[531] Ward, in collusion with banker James D. Fish and kept secret from bank examiners, retrieved the firm's securities from the company's bank vault.[532] ⓒ When the trades went bad, multiple loans came due, all backed up by the same collateral. Historians agree that Grant was likely unaware of Ward's intentions, but it is unclear how much Buck Grant knew. In May 1884, enough investments went bad to convince Ward that the firm would soon be bankrupt. Ward, who assumed Grant was "a child in business matters,"[533] told him of the impending failure, but assured Grant that this was a temporary shortfall.[534] Grant approached businessman William Henry Vanderbilt, ⓒwho gave him a personal loan of $150,000.[535] Grant invested the money in the firm, but it was not enough to save it from failure. Essentially penniless, but compelled by a sense of personal honor, he repaid what he could with his Civil War mementos and the sale or transfer ⓒof all other assets.[536] Vanderbilt took title to Grant's home, although he allowed the Grants to continue to reside there, and pledged to donate the souvenirs to the federal government and insisted the debt had been paid in full.[537] ⓒ Grant was distraught over Ward's deception and asked privately how he could ever "trust any human being again."[538] In March 1885, as his health was failing, he testified against both Ward and Fish.[539] Ward was convicted of fraud in October 1885, months after Grant's death, and served six and a half years in prison.[540] After the collapse of Grant & Ward, there was an outpouring of sympathy for Grant.[541] Memoirs, pension, and death Grant sitting in a porch chair wrapped in blankets Grant worked on his ⓒ memoirs in June 1885, less than a month before his death. Howe June 27, 1885 Drawing of a steam engine and train approaching station with an honor guard at attention Grant's funeral train at West Point, bound for New York City Throughout his career, Grant repeatedly toldⓒ highly detailed stories of his military experiences, often making slight mistakes in terms of dates and locations. As a poor hardscrabble farmer in St. Louis just before the war, he kept his neighbors
